ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare lung function between adolescents with and without substance use disorder (SUD). METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional exploratory study. The sample consisted of 16 adolescents with SUD and 24 age-matched healthy controls. The adolescents in the clinical group were recruited from a psychiatric inpatient unit for detoxification and rehabilitation; their primary diagnosis was SUD related to marijuana, cocaine, or polysubstance use. Questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were applied for clinical evaluation. RESULTS: We found that FVC, FEV1, and their percentages of the predicted values were significantly lower in the adolescents with SUD than in those without. Those differences remained significant after adjustment for BMI and the effects of high levels of physical activity. The largest effect size (Cohen's d = 1.82) was found for FVC as a percentage of the predicted value (FVC%), which was, on average, 17.95% lower in the SUD group. In addition, the years of regular use of smoked substances (tobacco, marijuana, and crack cocaine) correlated negatively with the FVC%. CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory study is innovative in that it demonstrates the early consequences of smoked substance use for the lung health of adolescents with SUD.
Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders , Humans , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Lung , Respiratory Physiological Phenomena , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were conducted to identify the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) on strength, power, and muscular endurance in older adults. However, the results of different studies are contradictory. OBJECTIVE: To verify the impacts of the WBV on strength, power, and muscular endurance in older adults. METHODS: The search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, LILACS and PEDro databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEdro scale. Meta-analysis calculations were performed using the standardized mean difference, comparing WBV with control groups and WBV with other types of exercise. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies were included in the current systematic review. Most studies (56%) had low methodological quality (PEDro score < 6). WBV, compared with control groups, has significant effects on muscle strength of knee extensors and flexors, lower limb extensors, and ankle plantar flexors. There were no differences between WBV and other types of exercise. Subgroup analyzes demonstrated that, in general, the significant results observed in the primary analyzes were not dependent on body position during vibration, kind of vibration, cumulative dose or magnitude of WBV. CONCLUSION: WBV was effective in increasing lower limb muscle strength. However, no significant results were observed for upper limb strength, lower limb power, and lower and upper limb muscle endurance in older adults. However, more studies are needed to better understand the physiological impacts of WBV in older.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare lung function between adolescents with and without substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional exploratory study. The sample consisted of 16 adolescents with SUD and 24 age-matched healthy controls. The adolescents in the clinical group were recruited from a psychiatric inpatient unit for detoxification and rehabilitation; their primary diagnosis was SUD related to marijuana, cocaine, or polysubstance use. Questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were applied for clinical evaluation. Results: We found that FVC, FEV1, and their percentages of the predicted values were significantly lower in the adolescents with SUD than in those without. Those differences remained significant after adjustment for BMI and the effects of high levels of physical activity. The largest effect size (Cohen's d = 1.82) was found for FVC as a percentage of the predicted value (FVC%), which was, on average, 17.95% lower in the SUD group. In addition, the years of regular use of smoked substances (tobacco, marijuana, and crack cocaine) correlated negatively with the FVC%. Conclusions: This exploratory study is innovative in that it demonstrates the early consequences of smoked substance use for the lung health of adolescents with SUD.
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a função pulmonar de adolescentes com e sem transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias (TUS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal observacional. A amostra foi composta por 16 adolescentes com TUS e 24 controles saudáveis emparelhados pela idade. Os adolescentes do grupo clínico foram recrutados em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica para desintoxicação e reabilitação; seu diagnóstico primário era o de TUS (maconha, cocaína ou polissubstâncias). Foram aplicados questionários e testes de função pulmonar para a avaliação clínica. Resultados: A CVF, o VEF1 e seus valores em porcentagem do previsto foram significativamente mais baixos nos adolescentes com TUS do que naqueles sem TUS. Essas diferenças permaneceram significativas após os ajustes para levar em conta o IMC e os efeitos de altos níveis de atividade física. O maior tamanho de efeito (d de Cohen = 1,82) foi o observado em relação à CVF em porcentagem do previsto (CVF%), que foi, em média, 17,95% menor no grupo TUS. Além disso, os anos de uso regular de substâncias fumadas (tabaco, maconha e crack) correlacionaram-se negativamente com a CVF%. Conclusões: Este estudo exploratório é inovador na medida em que demonstra as consequências precoces do uso de substâncias fumadas para a saúde pulmonar de adolescentes com TUS.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with the lifetime medical diagnosis of depression in Brazil. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Analysis of data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. PARTICIPANTS: 90 846 individuals aged ≥15 years were included. OUTCOME MEASURE: The self-reported medical diagnosis of depression at some point in one's life was the main outcome. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs were calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance. The independent variables included the geographical area of residence, sociodemographic characteristics, current smoking status, alcohol abuse, daily screen time, and the presence of physical disorders and mental health comorbidities. RESULTS: The self-reported lifetime prevalence of medical diagnosis of depression was 9.9% (95% CI 9.5% to 10.2%). The probability of having received a medical diagnosis of depression was higher among urban residents (PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35); females (2.75; 2.52 to 2.99); those aged 20-29 years (1.17; 0.91 to 1.51), 30-39 years (1.73; 1.36 to 2.19), 40-49 years (2.30; 1.81 to 2.91), 50-59 years (2.32; 1.84 to 2.93) and 60-69 years (2.27; 1.78 to 2.90) compared with those under 20 years; white-skinned people (0.69 (0.61 to 0.78) for black-skinned people and 0.74 (0.69 to 0.80) for indigenous, yellow and brown-skinned people compared with white-skinned people); those with fewer years of education (1.33(1.12 to 1.58) among those with 9-11 years, 1.14 (0.96 to 1.34) among those with 1-8 years and 1.29 (1.11 to 1.50) among those with 0 years compared with those with ≥12 years of education); those who were separated/divorced (1.43; 1.29 to 1.59), widowed (1.06; 0.95 to 1.19) and single (1.01; 0.93 to 1.10) compared with married people; smokers (1.26; 1.14 to 1.38); heavy screen users (1.31; 1.16 to 1.48) compared with those whose usage was <6 hours/day; those with a medical diagnosis of a physical disorder (1.80; 1.67 to 1.97); and individuals with a medical diagnosis of a mental health comorbidity (5.05; 4.68 to 5.46). CONCLUSION: This nationwide population-based study of self-reported lifetime medical diagnosis of depression in Brazil showed that the prevalence was almost 10%. Considering the current Brazilian population, this prevalence corresponds to more than 2 million people who have been diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives.
Subject(s)
Depression , Female , Humans , Self Report , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health SurveysABSTRACT
RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da educação ao paciente (EP) em pacientes com disfunções musculoesqueléticas do membro superior (MS) para os desfechos de dor e/ou funcionalidade. Dois revisores realizaram independentemente buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SciELO e LILACS, considerando o período desde o início das publicações nessas bases até abril de 2021. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados com seres humanos com disfunções musculoesqueléticas no MS; que tenham realizado intervenção com EP; e com desfechos de dor e/ou funcionalidade. Os revisores, separadamente, determinaram a elegibilidade dos estudos, extraíram dados e avaliaram a qualidade metodológica por meio da escala PEDro. Oito estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão, totalizando 603 participantes. A EP teve resultados superiores em três dos estudos no alívio da dor e/ou melhora da função em relação ao grupo comparativo. Sugere-se que a EP é mais eficaz quando associada a exercícios.
RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los efectos de la educación del paciente (EP) en individuos con trastornos musculoesqueléticos del miembro superior (MS) sobre los resultados de dolor y/o funcionalidad. Dos revisores realizaron búsquedas de forma independiente en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SciELO y LILACS, desde el comienzo de las publicaciones en estas bases hasta abril de 2021. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con seres humanos con trastornos musculoesqueléticos en el MS; que han sido intervenidos con EP; y con resultados de dolor y/o funcionalidad. Los revisores determinaron de forma independiente la elegibilidad del estudio, extrajeron los datos y evaluaron la calidad metodológica mediante la escala PEDro. En esta revisión se incluyeron ocho estudios con un total de 603 participantes. La EP tuvo resultados superiores en tres de los estudios en cuanto al alivio del dolor o la mejora de la función en el grupo comparativo. Aparentemente, la EF es más efectiva cuando se combina con ejercicio.
ABSTRACT This study verifies the effects of patient education (PE) in patients with musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb (UL) on pain and/or functionality. The PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SciELO, and LILACS databases were independently searched by two reviewers, from the beginning of the publications until April 2021. We included randomized clinical trials with individuals with musculoskeletal disorders of the UL with pain and/or functionality outcomes, who have undergone intervention with PE. Reviewers independently determined study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the PEDro scale. We included eight studies, totaling 603 participants. Compared to the controlled group, the PE intervention showed better results in three studies for pain relief and/or functionality improvement. Apparently, PE is more effective when combined with exercise.
